Foundations and Background for the 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development

        The 9th Five-year Plan period witnessed a rapid growth of science and technology in Ningbo City. Due to poor foundation of the city, however, the development of science and technology has lagged behind the economic expansion. The economic and social development during the 10th Five-year plan period will call for robust growth of science and technology, since technological innovation is the main driving force for economic growth and strategic economic restructuring. The development of science and technology is an arduous and imperative mission.

10th Five-year Plan"

        During the 9th Five-year Plan, science and technology has developed rapidly. In particular, remarkable achievements have been made in the enhancement of the awareness of science and technology, the increase in technological innovative capability and development of high and new technology industries. Along with the rapid development of talent and higher education and the increase of economic and social strength, solid foundations have been laid for the 10th Five-year Plan.

        1.1 Implement vigorously the strategy of "City development through Science and Education" and "Project No. One"; Awareness of science and technology greatly enhanced

        The city implemented the strategy of "City development through Science and Education" and in particular "Project No. One". Heads of the party and the government paid special attention to the work of growing the first productive force and the work of science and technology was highly valued. The Decision of Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government on Increasing Technological Innovation Capability and Quickening Development of High and New Technologies were issued and the Development Plan for the Development of High and New Technologies of Ningbo City was formulated. The policy environment has been greatly improved. The investment in science and technology had been increasing year by year. In 2000, allocation of funds for science and technology reached 300,000,000 RMB, accounting for 2.5 of the total expenditure of the city.

        1.2 Rapid Growth of High and New Technology         Industries; Science and Technology make Greater Contribution to Economic Growth

        High and new technology product value for the year 2000 reached 30.6 billion RMB, and the annual growth rated during 9th five-year plan period amounted to 36%. An industry cluster was formed composed of opto-electro-mechanic integration, new material and electronics and IT. The city was designated by the Ministry of Science and Technology as a base for new material industrialization. The number of high and new technology companies at or above city level rose from 13 in 1995 to 92 in 2000, 13 of which was acknowledged as the state level high and new technology companies. A series of leading products that are manufactured at large scale and contain relatively high technology content are launched, including mobile phone sets, NdFeB permanent magnetic material, numerical control injection machine and power transmission and distribution equipment.

        Fresh progress has been made in the transformation of the traditional industries through high and new technologies. The city has been acknowledged by the state as key CAD model city, and CAD/CIMS and other advanced designing and manufacturing technologies have been popularized in construction, garments and machinery industries, with a result that the traditional industries were upgraded and technical innovation and optimization of the products structure were improved. New achievements have been made in efforts to revitalize the agriculture through science and technology. The use rate for applicable advanced agriculture technologies has reached 73.1%, and good strains of seeds amounted to 93.6%. The economic and social benefits of the "Seed Project" are notable, and a batch of model agriculture bases has been established.

        1.3 Make great efforts to carry out science and technology cooperation and speed up the building of regional system of technological innovation; Technological innovation capability has been greatly strengthened

        There has been a breakthrough in the technological cooperation focusing on "two colleges and one university". The introduction of various high and new technology projects, co-founding of development institutions and extensive personnel exchange have served to have greatly facilitated the building of technological innovation system and increased the innovation capability of this city.

        Taking the "5521" model project for technology innovation as the key, the city has established 29 provincial/city level enterprise technology centers and 13 city level enterprise technological development centers, 18 provincial key labs and 8 technological intermediary services, 51 county level technology centers and research institutions. The introduction of high level talents have been accelerated, the technological innovation capability of enterprises and the technical sustaining ability of the medium and small enterprises are both increased, R & D of high and new technologies and introduction/transformation of technologies were promoted.

2. Major Problems in the Development of Science and Technology

        Due to the previous poor basis, the technological innovation capability of the city is not so strong and the environment for technological innovation is yet to be improved

        2.1 Technological innovation capability remains to be improved.

        The high and new technology industries, though undergoing rapid growth, take small share in the whole economy. Technological level of the traditional industries still lag far behind those of the international advanced level and the task of technological upgrading is formidable. External reliance of the technologies, including high and new technologies is obvious.

        The groundwork of the research institutions is poor. There are only 19 research institutions under the city or ministry, only one undergraduate institution of higher learning. Enterprise technology centers or key labs are at the initial stage of establishment. The technological innovation capability could not meet the needs of industrial development.

        During the 9th Five-year Plan, great achievements were made in talent introduction and the higher education developed rapidly. Due to previous poor foundation, however, the total number technical talents and its composition still do not meet the needs for further development of science and technology. In particular, there is a shortage of high level talents and R&D talents for high/new technology. By the end of the year 2000, total number of talents reached 302,000, of which 7500 have senior academic titles. Professional technical personnel per 10,000 amounts to 450.

        2.2 Environment for technological innovation remains to be improved

        During the 9th Five-year Plan, remarkable progress was made in enhancing technological awareness and improving policy environment for technological development. On the other hand, Ningbo High-tech Park was launched in 1999, Enterprise Service Center was only starting, and venture capital investment was still at the beginning stage. The share of technological input in the total financial outlay of the government is still relatively low, and the environment and mechanism for technological development remains to be improved.

3. Background for 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development

        During the 10th Five-year Plan, the economic and social development calls for greater development of science and technology, and requires that science and technology be developed by leaps and bounds. It is the theme of 10th Five-year Plan to seize the opportunity and increase the technological innovation capability, to meet the greater needs for science and technology.

        The economic and social development during 10th Five-year Plan period needs to be supported by the science and technology. The economic size of Ningbo City ranks foremost among similar cities of the country, but there exist outstanding structural and quality problems. In order to win in the new round of regional competition under the new domestic and international situation, Ningbo must, relying on technological innovation, make great efforts to develop the high and new technologies, speed up the transformation of traditional industries through the application of high and new technologies. Technological innovation is the major driving force for the economic and social development during the 10th Five-year Plan. The science and technology work is tremendous and important.

        The advantages for the development for science and technology during 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development: capital support backed by relatively strong economic strength; system guarantee arising from the advanced market mechanism and flexible enterprise operating mechanism; external intellectual and technological support associated with Ningbo-born academicians and experts; advantageous geographical position of proximity to Shanghai and Hangzhou, deep water ports and good environment for industrial development.

        Opportunities for the development of science and technology during the 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development include: the new round of international industry transfer caused by rapid development of high and new technologies; WTO entry opens up broader room for the development of such traditional industries as textile and garments; global economic integration provides the opportunities of international technology transfer.

        Giving full play to the advantages in industrial development environment, seizing the opportunity of national industrial restructuring, and attracting multinationals to set up production base of high and new technologies in Ningbo will serve to realize the leaping development of high and new technologies.

        Give full play to our advantages in traditional industries, seize the good opportunities of WTO entry, and speed up the industrial upgrading to open up their development space, so as to achieve new development in such traditional industries as garments, textile and home appliances.

        Giving full play to advantages of our economic strength, increasing cooperation with overseas in science and technology, and making great efforts in bringing in and absorbing high and new technologies, will increase our technological innovation capability and achieve the leaping development of science and technology.

Guiding Ideology and Objective for 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development

1. Guiding Ideology for the development of science and technology

        Guiding Ideology for 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development:
Adhere to the Deng Xiaoping Theory and "the Three Represents" put forward by Jiang Zemin, carry out an all-out implementation of "Project No. One" aimed at "revitalization through science and technology", take technological innovation as the main line and high and new technologies as focus, combine introduction and innovation, boost technological innovation capability on the basis of bringing in science and technology as well talents on a large scale. Combine the upgrading of traditional industries with technological innovation, build a modern industry system based on advanced manufacturing and guided by the high and new technologies; promote the strategic adjustment of economic structure, so as to give science and technology support to the mission of early realization of modernization for the city.

        In accordance with the above guiding ideology, the basic principles for the 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development are:

        1. Give attention to the unique feature. Focusing on the spreading the application of applied electronic information technology, reform and upgrade textile and garments, mould and other traditional industries; put emphasis on the development of electronic and information industries and new material, and form a hi-tech industry cluster with Ningbo characteristics.

        2. Strive to jump. Combine introduction with innovation, increase independent innovation capability while introducing others' technology, so as to realize a jump improvement of technological innovation capability, and to lay solid foundation for the aims of simultaneous development of introduction and innovation by 2010 and relying on innovation by 2020.

        3. Breakthrough. Integrate all science and technology resources, and realize breakthrough development in such key industries as information technology and new material, one hundred key hi-tech enterprises and Ningbo High-tech Park, so as to build a east pole of "Heaven Silicon Valley"

2. Objectives for the science and technology development

        The overall goal of 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development: preliminary completion of a regional technological innovation system which will lead to notable increase of technological innovation capability, possessing the ability of bringing in and absorbing technologies as well as preliminary innovation capability; create first class environment for technological innovation and build the city into an important innovation and enterprise base in China. Achieve remarkable increase in the technological level of the traditional industries, make breakthrough in high and new technologies, making Ningbo the eastern pole of "Heaven Silicon Valley" and a base for transformation and industrialization of high and new technologies and industrialization.

        Specific objectives:

        1. Establish venture capital investment mechanism, forming a science and technology investment and financing system with government investment as the guide, enterprise investment as the main channel, banking loan and VC as a support and social input as complementary. The total social R&D investment share of GDP shall reach 1.5%, and enterprise R&D investment shall account for 60% of the total social R&D investment. The municipal financial outlay in science and technology shall reach 5% of the total financial expenditure, of which the three items under science and technology shall account for more than 50% of the science and technology investment.

        2. A talent support system will be fully established and comprehensive science and technology capability will be markedly increased. Total number of professional technical personnel will reach 330,000 and professional technical personnel per 10,000 will reach 600 or more. There will be more than five patent grants per 10,000-population each year.

        3. Regional science and technology innovation system will be established, which will become a major domestic innovation base providing support to the development of high and new technologies. One hundred enterprise technology development institutions at state, provincial or city levels will be built; great efforts will be made to cultivate state level enterprise engineering technology centers; introduce and develop more than 10,000 high and new technology products; give support to one hundred key enterprises of high and new technologies and raise 10,000 medium or small sized science and technology enterprises.

        4. Eastern Pole of the "Heaven Silicon Valley" will be established, which will become an important part of Hangzhou Bay hi-tech industrial belt and a vital enterprise base for the country. Make efforts to make Ningbo City High-tech Park a national high and new technologies industrial zone, the high and new technologies industrial parks within Ningbo Bonded Area and Ningbo Economic and Technology Development Zone are to become export-oriented industrialization base of high and new technologies. A hi-tech intensive belt running from Yiyao to Ninghao and composed of Ningbo City High-tech Park, Ningbo Bonded Area and Ningbo Economic and Technology Development Zone will be taking shape.

        5. Build Ningbo into an important base for transformation and industrialization of high and new technology in China, and let high and new technologies be a new economic growth area. The annual growth rate of high and new technology products shall be around 35%, product value shall be around 130.000 billion RMB, the added value of high and new technologies industries shall take an 30% percentage of the total industrial added value, export of the high and new technologies products shall be 30% or more of the industrial products exports.

Key Tasks for 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development

        During the 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development, the science and technology development of Ningbo shall focus on Project No. One, so as to increase technological innovation capability; speed up the development of high and new technologies. The science and technology work shall be done from two levels. One is to make great efforts to develop high and new technology industries, accelerate the application of high and new technologies in the transformation of traditional industries, so as to promote the overall technological progress. The other is to improve the conditions for the development of science and technology, optimize the environment for the development of science and technology, build regional science and technology innovation system and effective operation regime, and increase science and technology innovation ability.

1. Make great efforts to develop high and new technology industries, build transformation and industrialization bases for high and new technologies achievements, promote the strategic industrial restructuring, give priority to the development of electronics and information industries, place emphasis on the development of new material, encourage the development opto-electro-mechanic integration, bio-technology and modern pharmaceuticals. Boost the transformation of high and new technologies achievements, accelerate the introduction of high and new technologies and creation of hi-tech companies and other technology companies, and build Ningbo into an important base for the transformation and industrialization of high and new technologies achievement.

        1.1 Lay stress on the development of electronics and information industries and new material industry; build an important base of electronics and information industries in China and important base for the development of new material. Give priority to the development of information technology, and build an important base of electronics and information industry. Lay stress on the development of new material industry, building a state level new material industrialization base. Continue to support the development of such advantageous areas as numerical control injection machine and other opto-electro-mechanic integration areas, and encourage modern bio-technology and modern pharmaceutical industries.

        " Electronics and information industry. Seizing the opportunity of international transfer of electronics and information products and the state encouragement for the development of software industry and integrated circuit, make greater efforts to invite investment and speed up the technology introduction and fostering R&D capability; lay emphasis on integrated circuit, applied software, micro-electronics application wares, network and telecommunication equipment, computer and related products, striving to make breakthrough in applied software, integrated circuit and photoelectron products and develop the software products with our own intellectual property rights, and form a integrated circuit industry cluster.

        " New material. Make special effort to develop high-energy magnetic material, nano material, high polymer material and new energy material, based on the current advantageous products and taking new chemical material as the leading direction. Strengthen the development of new material and strive to make breakthrough in the application of nano material.

        " Optical, mechanical and electronic integration. Applying such hi-tech as numerical control, advanced manufacturing technology and intelligence in the transformation of machinery industry, placing emphasis on the development of large numerical control injection machine and other special purpose injection machine, high voltage high current power transmission and transformation equipment, electronic auto components and parts, intelligent instruments and medical apparatus, so as to the build an important production base of plastic machinery and power transformation and transmission equipment.
" Bio-technology and modern pharmaceutical. With the backing of bio-technology and new medicine technology and on the basis of chemical pharmaceuticals and Chinese patent drug, make greater efforts to advance biological medicines and sea medicines, study the extracting technology for natural medicine active constituents, extracting and processing technology for active substance of sea plants and animals, new medicine screening technology and preparation technology of new Chinese medicine, placing stress on genetic engineered bio-medicines and sea medicines, new chemical medicines and preparations and new Chinese medicine preparations.

        1.2 Speed up the transformation and industrialization of science and technology achievements, quicken the pace of nurturing hi-tech enterprises, and work hard to build state level high and new technologies industrial zone. Work around the points of importance in the development of high and new technologies, integrate science and technology resources, implement a batch of hi-tech transformation and industrialization projects, and introduce 1000 or more high and new technology projects within five years. Continue implementing "Double Twenty" projects, support one hundred key high and new technologies enterprises and cultivate 1000 medium and small sized science and technology firms. Vigorously promote the construction of High-tech parks of various types, place emphasis on Ningbo High-tech Park, aiming to make it a national level high and new technologies zone. Advance projects of research and development.

        " Focusing on the key areas of integrated circuit, applied software, nano material, high energy magnetic material, implement a number of important science and technology projects, speed up the product development and technology research, and strive to make hi-tech products with our own intellectual property rights account for 25% of the total hi-tech products.

        " Give more support to the projects involving transformation of high and new technologies, encourage introduction and development of high and new technologies achievements. Around 300 domestic and 20 overseas projects high and new technologies will be introduced and transfer each year.

        " Organize the implementation of a series of important high and new technologies industrialization advancement projects, giving priority to the project scale after engineering and commercialization, in order to facilitate hi-tech company growth and industrial expansion.

        " Continue the implementation of "double twenty" projects, supporting one hundred key high and new technologies enterprise to a higher level and scale; actively cultivate high and new technologies candidate companies and medium and small sized technology enterprises.

        " Give more support to the twenty key hi-tech enterprises selected annually; cultivate out of them some 20 high and new technologies companies with more than 1 billion annual sales, as well as 100 key enterprises with 100 million annual sales or above.

        " Give more support to the twenty candidate science and technology companies selected annually, with aim of bringing in 200 or more high and new technologies enterprise.

        " Actively cultivate medium and small size science and technology firms through special fund, supportive policies and strengthening functions of Incubator Service Center of various types. The total number of such firms should exceed 1000.

        1.3 Construct a framework of "three zones plus one belt" for the development of high and new technologies, making them Eastern Pole of Heaven Silicon Valley an important part of Hangzhou-Shaoxing-Ningbo Hi-tech Belt

        " give priority to the construction of Ningbo science and technology Zone, improve enterprise environment, strengthen external invitation and internal links, promote the congregation of R&D institutions and science and technology firms, work to produce state level high and new technologies industrial zone.

        " Fully utilize the advantages of Ningbo Bonded Area and Ningbo Economic and Technology Development Zone to introduce important high and new technologies projects from home and abroad, expand the production scale of the high and new technologies industries, build export-oriented bases for the development of high and new technologies industries.

        " Build a number of provincial level hi-tech industrial bases with unique features in such advantageous fields as magnetic material, micro-electronic application wares and special seals.

        " Encourage and support some counties/cities with favorable conditions to build science and technology industrial parks with local characteristics, guide the high and new technologies firms in the counties to gather around Ningbo section of the Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou Express.

2. Speed up the process of transforming traditional industries through application of high and new technologies, achieve informationalization-lead industrialization, so as to realize the industrial upgrading. Make breakthrough in the application of information technology in such traditional industries as textile, garment and mould making where Ningbo has advantages, speed up the application of advanced manufacturing technology, new material, modern equipment and process, strengthen the research on common technologies and crucial technologies, promote enterprise technological transformation, and build modern manufacturing base.

        2.1 Place emphasis on spreading information technology and nano technology£¬solve problems in common and crucial technology

        " Make breakthroughs in the application of information technology in such traditional industries as textile, garment and mould making where Ningbo has advantages in the bid to promote the informationization. Realize the informationization in the gradual stages of modern designing, modern advanced manufacturing technology, information technology based management and electronic commerce,

        " Continue making great efforts to popularize and spread the application of CAD, computer aided manufacturing, MIS, and CIMS. All the manufacturing enterprises in the city will adopt CAD and CAM and key manufacturing enterprises will adopt MIS and CIMS

        " Give support to key regions, key industries and key enterprises in their construction of intranets and ERP projects, expand the use of the ecommerce. Work to have state level ecommerce model projects in the manufacturing sector.

        " Speed up the application of advanced manufacturing technology, new material, modern equipment and process, strengthen the research on common technologies and crucial technologies.

        " Textile and garments industries. Place emphasis on developing and introducing dyeing and finishing technology, developing high-grade new shell fabric, strengthening research on garment designing and new designing technology, so as to achieve the overall improvement of textile and garments industry and build a strong city of textile and garments.

        " Mould industry. Conduct research and development of various mould processing technologies, increase the designing standards of large, precise and long-life moulds, and make major efforts to develop high performance mould material, striving to build a specialized mould production base with distinct characteristics.

        " Home appliance industry. Following the direction of intelligent, energy-saving and environment friendliness, promote the application of numeric control technology, intelligent control technology, so as to build an important manufacturing and export base for home appliances.

        " Petrochemical industry. Accelerate the introduction of technology and projects, expand follow-up petrochemicals and fine chemicals, to build an important petrochemical industrial base in China. Paper making: support and encourage new product development and process innovation, make major efforts to develop fluid packaging paper, high-strength corrugated paper and special anti-fake paper and mould proof paper and artistic card paper, so as to build an important paper making base in China.

        2.2 Implementing spreading program for science and technology achievements and programs for technological transformation, advance industrial standard through exemplary leadership

        " Continue implementation of spreading the application of electronic information technology, giving priority to the three exemplary projects involving ecommerce projects, CAD/CAM integration demonstration, trial spreading of PDM.CIMS. Build a batch of ecommerce exemplary enterprises and encourage information service centers and other intermediary services, to promote the enterprise informationization process.

        " Implement popularization program for the application of nano technology. Place emphasis on the construction of a batch of exemplary enterprises using the technology, promote the engineering use of nano material in modified engineering plastics, ceramics modification, functional coating material, functional products, exploit to the full the important role of nano material in increasing the performance for conventional material, to build an important application base for nano material.

        " Continue implementation of technological transformation program for one hundred key enterprises, advance the technological transformation of enterprises and raise the enterprise modernization standard.

3. Accelerate the pace of agricultural revival through science and technology, foster featured efficiency agriculture, and achieve sustainable growth

        Aimed at optimizing agricultural structure and raising farmers' income and agricultural efficiency, strive to make breakthroughs in improved variety breeding, deep processing of farm products and modern farming technology, to advance the agriculture transformation from quantity farming to efficiency type. Adhere to the humanity principle, accelerate informationization process of the advantageous services, conduct research on such areas as medical and health, town and country construction, environment protection and disaster relief, and improve the people's living standard.

        3.1 Accelerate variety improvement, spread deep processing and modern agricultural technology

        " Strengthen the introduction and breeding of high quality, high-yield varieties. Give priority to research on applied bioengineering technology, introduce and breed quality and unique varieties of aquatic product, fruits, vegetables, flowers and live-stock, develop factory-style seedlings technology and breeding industry, strive to make breakthroughs in the application of polyploid breeding, Monosex culture and other breeding technologies in aquatic seedling, preservation technique such as frozen semen and molecule breeding.
" Devote major efforts to researching, developing and popularizing of the deep processing technology of farm produce, centering on the technology and equipment for processing, storing, preservation, packaging and transportation of fruits, vegetables, aquatic products and livestock and poultry. Work hard to conduct research on farm produce safety and standardization technology, fully disseminate the application of factory-style agriculture and other advanced technology, so as to advance the agricultural industrialization.
" Speed up spreading and application of modern farming technology, giving priority to the research, development and spreading of the technologies in connection with high-yield multi-variety three-dimensional breeding technology, seawater cage breeding, disease and medicine study of fish, shrimp, cowry and algae, laws governing the pestilence of livestock and poultry and preventive technology, biological restoration technology of marine environment.

        3.2 Implement "Seed Project", cultivate leadership enterprises, and build an agricultural technology popularization system

        " Continue implementation of "Seed Project", combine introduction and breeding, giving priority to introduction, with the aim of advancing the adjustment of agricultural structure. Give more support to the projects involving the introduction and breeding of improved varieties, build a resources bank for major elite germplasm, build seedlings growing and cultivation base for rare aquatic products, and strengthen the protection and development of elite germplasm

        " Devote more efforts to cultivate leader enterprises of farm produce processing, popularize the application of deep processing technology of farm produce, with the aim of increasing the added value of farm produce and promoting the agricultural industrialization. Give priority to supporting the twenty leading companies of agricultural and farm produce, striving to build one or two state level leader enterprises in agriculture and farm produce.

        " Actively promote rural science and technology service system integrating agriculture development of science and technology and technological popularization. Give priority to the construction of agricultural science academy. Relying on Ningbo University, Wanli College and leader enterprises of agriculture and farm produce, build a batch of agricultural technology centers and key labs, so as to increase the innovation capability in agricultural technology. Taking agricultural science and technology exemplary zones and exemplary bases of "oceanic development through science and technology" as media, promote the transformation, popularization and industrialization of agricultural high and new technologies, give priority to the construction of ten agricultural science and technology exemplary zones. Further improve agricultural technology popularization system, strengthen the building of rural technical team, launch agricultural technology training programs of various types, and increase the quality of the rural technical personnel.

        " Speed up the application of information technology in agriculture, giving priority to the construction of agricultural economic information network, actively promote the application of ecommerce in farm produce marketing, and develop "agriculture upon order" and other modern marketing tools in agriculture.

        3.3 Accelerate the application of information technology in the key service industries, promote informationization of the whole society

        " Accelerate the use of information technology in transformation, trade and banking, promote the development of information service industry, network service in particular, and strive to make breakthroughs in network service and logistics information platforms.

        " Strengthen the research and development of ecommerce technology, to provide technological support to a digital Ningbo.

        3.4 Advance technical progress in health, urban construction, environment protection and disaster relief, improve living environment

        " Develop key discipline group covering thoracic & cardiovascular surgery.cardiovascular internal, osteology, oncology and imaging, explore the application of gene therapy and other technologies, strengthen the research on monitoring and prevention of AIDS, concentrate efforts on early diagnosis treatment of tumor, treatment of cardiovascular disease and cranial vascular disease, organ transplant and human tissue replacement, and build online distance medical service system.

        " Realize modernization in urban planning and designing as well as management through application of such high and new technologies as intelligent transportation system, operation and management decision making support system and Geographic Information System. Improve the designing standards of urban houses, strengthen the research on and application of intelligent housing and build new intelligent houses.

        " Strengthen the research on such environment problems as acid rain and red tide, accelerate the application of clean production technology, and explore the application of biotechnology in environment protection.

        " Build database and comprehensive information network system for such natural disasters as meteorological phenomena, flood, earthquake and ocean, popularize the application of mid-term meteorological value forecasting, strong earthquake monitoring and forecasting technology, so as to form technological systems and work systems for major disaster monitoring and forecasting, disaster prevention and emergency response. Conduct surveying of urban fault zone, and strengthen anti-quake preventive measures for important life lines.

4. Improve conditions for technological innovation, build innovation bases, strengthen technological innovation capability

        Speed up the construction of enterprise engineering technology centers, technology development centers, key labs, science and technology service institutions and other science and technology innovation institutions. Develop various types of coalition among manufacturing, learning and research organizations, and build an innovation system with enterprise as the principal players and with the coalition among manufacturing, learning and research organizations.

        4.1 Establish enterprise technological development system, strengthen enterprise innovation capability

        Fully launch the construction of the enterprise technology development system and strengthen enterprise innovation capability.

        " Speed up the construction of enterprise engineering technology centers and technology development centers in key enterprises, giving priority to the construction of one hundred state level or provincial/city level enterprise engineering technology centers and technology development centers, and make every effort to build state level enterprise engineering technology centers and technology development centers.

        " Guide large and medium sized enterprises to build technology development institutions and strengthen enterprises' technology innovation capability.

        " Encourage medium and small size enterprises to cooperate with research institutions, to have technology backing and strengthen their technology ability.

        " Encourage enterprise to open technology research and development institutions overseas and co-found research and development institutions with overseas institutions of higher learning and research institutes/academies. Make full use of external brain to increase enterprises' technology standards.

        " Encourage research institutes/academies of application type to turn into or join technological firms, so as to increase development capability.

        " Guide enterprise technology development institutions of various types to accelerate talent absorption and make more investment in science and technology, conduct new product development and other innovation activities, and gradually strengthen independent development ability.

        4.2 Establish R&D system geared to industrial needs, cultivate sources of the technological innovation

        Accelerate the establishment of research and development system geared to industrial needs, to provide technology support for enterprises' research and development; strengthen the talent and technology reserve to accumulate potentials for science and technology growth.

        " Support and encourage Ningbo University and other universities in Ningbo to increase their science and technology research level through joint running and combination of production and learning.

        " Actively continue the cooperation with China Academy of Sciences, China Armament Science Research Institute and Zhejiang University and other key research institutions and universities, take initiatives to expand cooperation with overseas partners, encourage domestic state-level research institutions and key universities and oversea multinationals to set up R&D institutions in Ningbo.

        " Continue to construct key labs in universities, in the introduced or converted research institutions, giving priority to supporting twenty state or provincial/city level key labs. Accelerate the introduction of talents, expand applied research and basic research as well as development, increase research ability and make every effort to build first class labs in the country.

        4.3 Establish socialized science and technology service system, provide science and technology support

        " Support the converting of public research institutions into science and technology intermediary services, and strengthen their technology service ability.

        " Strengthen the construction of large apparatus and equipment public network of key labs, support the development of technology service organization, encourage those counties (cities) or districts with favorable conditions to build regional industrial technology service organizations so as to form a technology service network geared to the needs of thousands of medium and small sized enterprises as well as thousands of households of farmers.

        " Strengthen the basic work of standardization, metering and quality technology.

5. Optimize Technological Innovation Environment, Build Technological Innovation Bases, and Form Eastern Pole of "Heaven Silicon Valley"

        Speed up the construction of High-tech Parks, speed up the development of science and technology intermediaries, establish incubation service system. Expedite system innovation, building and perfecting innovation systems of talent incentive, and systems of achievements transformation and venture capital investment. Build incubation bases with excellent environment and innovative regimes well known in China, speed up the introduction and gathering of talents and achievements.

        5.1 Improve incubation environment in High-tech parks, build incubation service system, and construct Eastern Pole of "Heaven Silicon Valley"

        Speed up the construction of incubators in the parks; strengthen the service function of the parks. Construct the Eastern Pole of "Heaven Silicon Valley", with Ningbo Science and technology Zone as the core, and university high-tech parks and Ningbo Economic and Technology Development Zone and Ningbo Bonded Zone as two wings.

        " Speed up the construction of incubation service centers, enterprise park for returned students, science and technology enterprise centers in Ningbo Science and technology Zone, Ningbo Economic and Technology Development Zone and Ningbo Bonded Zone. Encourage those counties (cities) and districts or enterprises to take part in the construction of incubators. Build a multi-level multi-type incubator network composed of twenty state level incubators and ten city level incubators; attract foreign and domestic science and technology talent to start business in Ningbo.

        " Give play to the overall advantages of Ningbo Bonded Zone and Economic and Technology Development Zone, further expand the service functions of the zones, cultivate first class environment for starting business, speed up the gathering of talents, projects and enterprises.

        " Build a complete incubation service network with the website on starting business as the platform, the intermediaries and incubators as support.

        " Shore up the construction of Ningbo City Science and technology Website and Productive Force Advancement Web.

        " Make major efforts to develop intermediaries involving achievement transformation and starting business, such science and technology information service, science and technology project evaluation, business financing and management consulting.

        " Give support to the construction of one or two comprehensive websites linking various science and technology information websites and incubation services, to provide compete package service for science and technology achievement transformation and starting business, becoming the base for starting business well know in China.

        5.2 Establish talent incentive mechanism, speed up talent gathering

        Reform distribution system, build and improve talent incentive regime, stimulate the enthusiasm of technical personnel and creativeness, speed up the gathering of technical talents in enterprises, inspire technical personnel to start medium and small sized science and technology firms.

        " Accelerate the reform of enterprise distribution system and employment system, implement the policies that technology and management factors in distribution, try implementation of options and other incentives.

        " Strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and technology secrets, to create system advantages for innovation and starting business.

        5.3 Build and improve achievement transformation regime, speed up introduction of achievements

        Reform science and technology system, build and improve achievement transformation regime, speed up introduction and transformation of science and technology achievements

        " Work hard to undertake cooperative activities among production, learning and research units, backed by technology development organizations of the enterprises in this city and focusing on co-founding of research institutions, research upon commission and cooperative research. Establish cooperation system of production, learning and research units, with market as the guide, enterprises as main body, interests as the ties, and government as the impetus.

        " Continue promoting science and technology cooperation with overseas partners, and increase the introduction of science and technology achievements and talents.

        " Encourage enterprises to make more efforts to introduce talents, accelerate the conglomeration of talents and achievements in enterprises by way of talents bringing in achievements.

        " Focusing on technology trade, establish service organizations on network technology market, project evaluation, technology brokerage, patent matters, intangible assets evaluation, to form technology trade market system.

        " Encourage enterprises to import advanced foreign equipment and technology through technology trade.

        5.4 Establish venture capital investment regime, provide financing support

        Reform investment and financing system, establish venture capital investment regime, accelerate the formation of investment and financing system with government investment as the guidance, enterprise investment as main body, banking and venture capital as the support and social investment as supplementary. Attract social capital into the high and new technologies by using the venture capital investment regime, attract domestic and overseas technical professionals to start business in Ningbo, and support the development of medium and small sized technological firms

        " Make great efforts to develop venture capital investment institutions, establish and improve Ningbo City Science and technology Ventures Investmetn Company as soon as possible.

        " Improve the environment for the development of venture capital investment. Use tax policies and some guiding fund from the government to encourage enterprises, banking institutions and overseas entrepreneurs to found venture capital investment companies with limited liabilities, attract overseas venture capital investment companies to launch business in Ningbo, so as to have multi-form VC investment subjects.

        " Encourage and support enterprises to raise funds for science and technology innovation in overseas capital markets.

        " Work actively to cultivate and develop property rights trading markets and property rights trading service, encourage the practices of stock rights transfer and stock buy-back, and encourage enterprise to buy successfully incubated projects and firms.

Measures for guarantee

        In order to guarantee the smooth implementation of the program, accomplish the objectives and major tasks of 10th Five-year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development, the city shall take necessary measures in the following four aspects:

1. Strengthen the leadership by the party and the government of science and technology work, increase government investment

        Further strengthen the appraisal of the party and government leader at country (city) or district levels on the implementation of responsibility system based on science and technology innovation objectives. Science and technology innovation and advancement of hi-tech industrialization shall be included in the official appraisal as important criteria, earnestly implement the responsibility system based on innovation objectives.

        Earnestly implement the responsibility system that the chief leader shall be in charge of No. One Project. Party committees and governments at all levels shall attach high importance to the science and technology work. They should realize that science and technology advancement, science and technology innovation and the industrialization of high and new technologies should be deemed as breakthrough points for reviving local economy and nurturing new area for economic growth, which should be listed on important agenda requiring practical and effective measures.

        Administrative authorities in charge of science and technology at all levels should perform the functions of organizing, planning, coordination and integration. They should do a good job of organizing and implementing, mobilizing the forces of the whole society in a united force pushing science and technology innovation and promoting high and new technologies industries. Relevant authorities at all levels should have good coordination among themselves, jointly carrying forward the operation regime for the science and technology advancement

        The jumping development of science and technology and high and new technologies requires the growth of investment into science and technology be extraordinary. Governments at all levels should see the problem from the height of removing the science and technology bottleneck, promoting strategic industrial restructuring and guaranteeing early realization of modernization, and should greatly increase the financial input into science and technology. By the year 2005, the financial input in science and technology should be 5% or more of the total financial expenditure, and the three items under science and technology outlay should be 50% or more of the total science and technology input.

        Government input into science and technology should be used for appropriation, loan interests discount and subsidies in connection with government-guidance programs, various government technology funds and key projects

        Government will use preferential tax rate and financial subsidies to guide enterprises to increase their investment in science and technology, making the enterprise be the main investing body. R&D input should be above 1% of total sales for general companies, 3% for key enterprises, and above 5% for high and new technologies firms.

2. Perfect policies and regulations, and improve science and technology management

        Perfecting policy and regulations. Working around the objectives and major tasks for the development of science and technology and aimed at creating good environment for innovation and mechanism, study and formulate policies and regulations on advancing transformation of high and new technologies achievements, encouraging the development of medium and small sized science and technology firms, promoting regional science and technology innovation service system, development of venture capital investment, introduction of high quality talents in key areas of high and new technologies, facilitating the "trade through science and technology", perfecting intellectual property rights protection, reforming distribution system and other policies and regulations encouraging innovation and starting business. Work to create policy environment favorable for the advancement of science and technology innovation and development of high and new technology industries.

        Earnestly implement policies and regulations issued by the state, the province and city. Strengthen supervision and include the implementation of policies and regulations concerning science and technology development in the criteria for annual appraisal of various authorities and departments.

        Further strengthen paten work. Work to establish patent and property management system with all levels well coordinated. Establish subsidy system for patent application to increase the number of patent applications. Further step up patent enforcement, prosecuting patent counterfeiting and patent infringement according to law and mediate various kinds of patent disputes.

        Adjust planning system for science and technology development; deepen reform of science and technology management system, and increase work efficiency. Adjust or make science and technology development plan in line with the major tasks of advancing science and technology innovation, accelerating transformation of science and technology achievements and development high and new technologies industries, giving priority to the implementation of the plans involving building of science and technology innovation capability, research, transformation of science and technology achievement, popularization and application science and technology achievements and science and technology cooperation plans. Strengthen public service, macro-control and social management, leaving routines of administrative work to science and technology intermediaries. Reform the project management mode of development planning for science and technology, strengthening management on project establishment, results appraisal, and increase the openness and fairness of science and technological planning projects.

3. Speed up introduction and gathering of talents, strengthen talent support

        Optimize the academic research environment for talents, build and perfect incentive mechanism, make greater efforts to introduce and train talents, form a highland for talents in the southern wing of Yangtze River Delta, with an aim of providing talent guarantee for the science and technology innovation.

        Intensify the humanity notion and the notion of talents being paramount resource, build first class business incubation base with the aim of attracting science and technology talents to start businesses in Ningbo. Give priority to the building of state level business incubation base for returned students and other high level incubators to attract students studying overseas and domestic science and technology professionals to start businesses in Ningbo. Support the construction of high level labs, post doctoral stations and other academic endeavors, support the construction of high level enterprise science and technology development institutions, cultivate high and new technologies firms with their own development capability, and foster vehicles for sustaining high level science and technology professionals. Lay emphasis on attracting retiree science and technology professionals and the talents repositioned from the state research institutions, and increase science and technology innovation capability.

        Build and perfect effective incentive mechanism, and promote technological innovation and transformation of high and new technologies achievements. Reward those scientific and technical personnel and business operators that have made outstanding contributions. Fully carry out the system of technology shareholding, actively try implementing stock rights and options and other incentive system based on property rights; full guarantee the legitimate interests of the knowledge capital holders, advance the innovation by scientific and technical personnel. Strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and technology secrets and provide system assurance for science and technology innovation.

        Give more input and support to institutions of higher learning; optimize the structure of institutions of higher learning and the discipline composition, speed up the training of science and technology and management personnel to meet urgent need in high and new technologies industries. Support Ningbo University's efforts to expand Master's degree programs and its bid for doctoral programs qualifications, and support Ningbo University, Zhejiang University, Ningbo Technology College, Wanli College, Network & Software Branch of Zhejiang University in their efforts to build universities in close association with industries of this city. Welcome prestigious universities home and abroad to sponsor high level education and training programs in Ningbo. Make major efforts to development of continued education and vocations education, to meet needs for talents of various type and levels associated with the economic and social development of Ningbo and to create good human resources platform. Give particular support to construction of training institutions by enterprises having conditions, strengthen on-duty training of employees, intensify practical technology training for farmers, and fully implement the system of professional credentials and green certificates.

4.Vigorously promote scientific and technological cooperation, speed up introduction of achievements and technology

        Continue implementation of domestic science and technology cooperation focusing on "two academies and one university" and ecompassing domestic institutions of higher learning and research institutes; concentrate on the construction of co-founded research institutions, university high-tech parks; step up the efforts of science and technology achievement introduction and talent introduction, and promote transformation of science and technology achievements. In response to the west development strategy, foster joint development projects with the west,

        Devote major efforts to developing science and technology cooperation with overseas, aimed at increase our technical innovation capability and carry forward the internationalization of high and new technologies industries. Give priority to the cooperation with Silicon Valley in USA, Tokyo and Taiwan; speed up introduction/import of overseas talents, technology and projects aimed at increasing technical innovation capability of this city. Encourage overseas multinationals, universities and research institutions to establish R&D branches in Ningbo; strengthen international science and technology exchanges, encouraging enterprises with conditions to set up research institutions overseas; implement the strategy of "trade thriving through science and technology", giving priority to supporting the exporting of hi-tech products and complete equipment.

5. Strengthen science popularization and the propaganda of science and technology innovation, create social and cultural environment for science and technology innovation

        Strengthen propaganda of science and technology innovation aimed at cultivating entrepreneurship culture. Strengthen popularization of science aimed increasing science and technology awareness and knowledge of citizens, and intensify the construction of installation for strengthen popularization of science. Construct one city-level science and technology center (including science and technology hall) with domestic advanced standard, five specialized science and technology museums with local characteristics, and a number of science and technology theme parks, facilitate the construction of installations for popularization of science at county (city), township and neighborhoods.

        Unfold activities of popularization of science in various forms, to increase awareness of science and technology and cultural quality of the citizens. Continue to do a good job of holding Popularization of Science Week; hold several large-scale annual events for popularization of science and academic exchanges. Launch invention and creation activities among citizens; conduct science popularization activities in different forms for different social groups.

        Promote the propaganda of science and technology innovation to increase the innovation awareness among all citizens. Make major efforts to publicize science knowledge by fully utilizing radio, TV, newspapers and other media; increase awareness of learning, using and loving science. Promote innovation education while advancing quality education. Organize various forms of publicity activities encouraging science and technology innovation, to increase the innovation awareness and understanding the significance and urgency for developing high and new technologies.

        Establish open research system as well as infrastructure and service systems, and uphold the spirit of competition and cooperation; encourage competition and cooperation between enterprises, research institutions. Construct an R&D structure similar to Silicon Valley characterized by open exchange and networked structure.

        Cultivate and create a risk-taking spirit and social and cultural environment that is tolerant of failure; encourage domestic and overseas science and technology personnel to start business in Ningbo and develop high and new technologies industries.